*: Alesia is where Julius Caesar besieged Vercingetorix' assembled Gaul tribes army. Later, Commius and a variety of other rebels, tried to help Vercingetorix from outside, Commius having had very bad experience with his old friends the Romans, which once made him king of several tribes and exempted them from taxes.

Higher north, two years earlier, a whole military camp of Caesar (one a half legion (fifteen cohorts or 7200 men) had been defeaten by one tribe and the sly Eburone king Ambiorix, when after famines they resisted Roman dominance and thievery. Rome responded with lots of armies and a genocide against the Eburonii (nowadays Belgium which is north and east of Leuven), one of the tribes they couldn't really categorise with the Germanic tribes, neither with the Belgae (nowadays North-France).

People changed into numbers to fight Roman hegemony: 9.000 Menapii (northeast of Leuven), 25.000 Morinii, 50.000 Nervii (southeast of Leuven). All we know or that is left, is what awardcraving Caesar wrote. Anyway, Roman troops eventually were too many, troops in name of the Romans committed genocide against the Eburones, and of them only Ambiorix and just a few people would succeed to escape to Germania.

Back to Alesia, two years later, when the fate of several still independent (as well as already subjected tribes) was at stake. After aforementioned besieging and failed backup attempts, the last Gaul defenders were overrun by Caesar's warfare. The last important resistance against Roman hegemony fell by this. Alesia meaned the end of Gallic independence in what is now France and Belgium, then part of the Celt region.

61 years later (9 AD). Augustus' reigns as the first emperor. We are more northward in the Teutoburger Wald, 70km east of Ith Hills (Hannover). The Germanic-Roman Arminius will sneakily turn sides and kick them Romans out of the higher north.. The Battle of the Teutoburger Forest is the beginning of resistance to Roman imperialism. One can carefully claim the Cherusk will save the rest of Europe from the Roman disrespect for the different. It' s not immediately the end as Tiberius and later Germanicus of course would send revenge expeditions. Moreover internally there is also tragedy. The Italy-based bastards take away Arminius' love Thusnelda and newborn son, after a lot of family deceit. So stories go.

Centuries later, when the Roman empire is in decline, Germanic tribes known as the Burgundians take over the western Alps, then expanding north to today's Burgundy.. jammed between the Franks (encompassing current-day Belgium), Visigoths, Alamanni (the French still call the Germans des allemands), the kingdom of Soissons and the Ostrogothic kingdom.

*: l’Aiguille Dibona was known as Pain de Sucre du Soreiller untill Dolomites guide Angelo Dibona got up the most accessible ridge from where he ascended to the top in 1913.